Psychotherapy - SWEET INSTITUTE - Continuing Education for Mental Health Professionals

Constructing Agency: Emotion, Identity, and the Power to Choose in the Predictive Brain

Mardoche Sidor, MD and Karen Dubin, PhD, LCSW — Thu, 18 Sep 2025 09:56:36 +0000

Abstract The Theory of Constructed Emotion (TCE) reframes emotional experience as a dynamic, predictive process shaped by learned concepts, interoceptive awareness, and sociocultural meaning. Within this framework, identity and agency are not fixed traits, but emergent constructions formed through repeated emotional predictions. This article explores how emotions shape identity over time and how expanding emotional concepts, increasing prediction flexibility, and engaging in conceptual revision can restore a sense of choice, autonomy, and self-authorship. We highlight implications for psychotherapy, trauma recovery, personal development, and leadership. Keywords Constructed Emotion, Identity, Agency, Emotional Prediction, Emotion Concepts, Self-Authorship, Neuroplasticity, Autonomy, Trauma Recovery Introduction What makes you, you? Is identity something we discover—or something we create? Traditional psychological models often treat identity as a stable construct shaped by genetics or past experiences. The Theory of Constructed Emotion (TCE) challenges this notion by demonstrating that emotions—core to our sense of self—are not fixed responses but constructed predictions based on bodily sensations, learned emotion concepts, and cultural meaning (Barrett, 2017). From this perspective, our emotional experiences shape how we see ourselves, how others see us, and what we believe we are capable of. This article explores the connection between emotion and identity construction, and how gaining awareness of emotional predictions can open the door to agency, change, and empowerment. Theoretical Framework Emotion as Prediction, Not Reaction According to TCE, the brain constructs emotions by predicting what bodily state is occurring and applying emotion concepts to make meaning (Barrett & Simmons, 2015). These predictions are shaped by past experience and culture, and they directly influence what we perceive, feel, and do. Identity as a Pattern of Predicted Emotions Emotions help define our narrative identity—the stories we tell ourselves about who we are (McAdams, 2011). If a person consistently predicts shame or fear in uncertain contexts, they may come to see themselves as powerless or “anxious.” Over time, these emotional predictions become habits of mind that reinforce identity (Barrett, 2017). Agency as Conceptual Flexibility Agency emerges when we recognize that emotions—and thus identity—are constructed. The power to name, revise, and reconstruct emotional predictions gives rise to self-authorship, the capacity to redefine who we are in response to our values rather than our past. Application / Analysis Emotional Prediction and Learned Helplessness Individuals exposed to chronic trauma, rejection, or invalidation may develop predictive models in which the body’s stress signals are interpreted as danger, futility, or failure (Khalsa et al., 2018). This leads to learned helplessness not because of external constraints, but because of internalized emotion concepts. Identity and Emotional Granularity Emotional granularity supports identity complexity. A person who can differentiate between feeling “ignored,” “disappointed,” or “betrayed” may be more likely to make sense of those experiences without internalizing them as a personal defect (Kashdan et al., 2015). Therapy that increases emotional vocabulary helps clients reclaim agency by separating self from feeling. Reconstructing the Self Through Conceptual Revision In therapy, coaching, or reflective practice, individuals can examine the emotional concepts they have inherited and decide which ones to keep, revise, or discard. This process of conceptual revision allows the construction of new emotional experiences and, therefore, new aspects of identity (Lindquist et al., 2015). For example, someone who has always interpreted a racing heart as “panic” can learn to conceptualize it as “excitement” or “readiness,” transforming not only their momentary experience but their identity as “an anxious person.” Implications Psychotherapy and Personal Growth Clinicians can foster agency by: Helping clients identify emotion patterns tied to identity Teaching emotional labeling as a way to differentiate feeling from self Encouraging clients to experiment with new interpretations and behavioral responses Narrative therapy, ACT, and emotion-focused therapy already incorporate these elements and may be enhanced by integrating the TCE framework. Leadership and Empowerment In leadership development, understanding how emotion shapes identity is key to unlocking growth. Leaders who are emotionally self-aware and flexible in interpreting emotions are more likely to model psychological safety, courage, and resilience for others (Boyatzis et al., 2012). Trauma Recovery For trauma survivors, reclaiming agency begins with shifting how the brain predicts and constructs emotion. Interventions that integrate interoceptive awareness, somatic processing, and emotional reframing can alter identity from “I am broken” to “I am rebuilding.” Conclusion You are not your feelings. You are the builder of your emotional life—and, by extension, your identity. The Theory of Constructed Emotion shows that emotional predictions can be updated, meaning can be reinterpreted, and agency can be reclaimed. When we understand that emotions are not truths but constructions, we free ourselves to create new emotional experiences—and new selves—based on purpose, not just the past. References Barrett, L. F. (2017). How emotions are made: The secret life of the brain. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Barrett, L. F., & Simmons, W. K. (2015). Interoceptive predictions in the brain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 16(7), 419–429. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3950 Boyatzis, R. E., Smith, M. L., & Beveridge, A. J. (2012). Coaching with compassion: Inspiring health, well-being, and development in organizations. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 49(2), 153–178. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886312462236 A, T. B., Barrett, L. F., & McKnight, P. E. (2015). Unpacking emotion differentiation: Transforming unpleasant experience by perceiving distinctions in negativity. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24(1), 10–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721414550708 Khalsa, S. S., Adolphs, R., Cameron, O. G., Critchley, H. D., Davenport, P. W., Feinstein, J. S., … & Paulus, M. P. (2018). Interoception and mental health: A roadmap. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, 3(6), 501–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.12.004 Lindquist, K. A., Satpute, A. B., & Gendron, M. (2015). Does language matter for emotion? Current evidence and new directions. Emotion Review, 7(2), 130–134. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073914553006 McAdams, D. P. (2011). Narrative identity. In S. J. Schwartz, K. Luyckx, & V. L. Vignoles (Eds.), Handbook of Identity Theory and Research (pp. 99–115). Springer. Download the scholarly version of this article by clicking HERE

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Rethinking Therapy Through the Theory of Constructed Emotion: A New Paradigm for Emotional Healing and Regulation

Mardoche Sidor, MD and Karen Dubin, PhD, LCSW — Thu, 11 Sep 2025 10:58:36 +0000

Abstract Traditional models of psychotherapy often conceptualize emotions as fixed, reactive states to be regulated or suppressed. The Theory of Constructed Emotion (TCE), however, reframes emotional experience as a product of the brain’s predictive processes, shaped by interoception, conceptual learning, and contextual interpretation. This paradigm shift has profound implications for psychotherapy, suggesting that therapeutic work should focus on helping individuals update predictive models, increase emotional granularity, and enhance interoceptive awareness. This article explores how TCE informs clinical interventions, transforms emotional regulation, and supports client empowerment through meaning reconstruction. Keywords Constructed Emotion, Psychotherapy, Emotional Regulation, Emotion Concepts, Predictive Brain, Interoception, Emotional Granularity, Mental Health Treatment Introduction Many forms of psychotherapy treat emotions as “things that happen” to people—automatic responses to external stimuli that must be controlled, discharged, or suppressed. This model presumes that emotions are innate, universal, and reactive. The Theory of Constructed Emotion (TCE), developed by Lisa Feldman Barrett, offers a radically different perspective: emotions are not hardwired reflexes but constructed predictions shaped by bodily sensations, learned concepts, and social context (Barrett, 2017). This theory positions psychotherapy not as a means of controlling emotion but as a process of retraining the brain’s predictions, helping individuals construct new emotional meanings that serve their goals and well-being. Theoretical Framework Emotions as Predictive Constructions In TCE, the brain continuously anticipates future bodily and environmental states to support survival—an allostatic process (Barrett & Simmons, 2015). Emotions emerge when the brain categorizes interoceptive input using culturally and personally learned emotion concepts. These predictions are often implicit but can be brought to awareness and modified through therapeutic engagement. Emotional Dysregulation as Predictive Inflexibility Emotional disorders may arise when the brain repeatedly predicts distressing emotional categories (e.g., fear, shame, helplessness) in response to ambiguous or neutral inputs. The result is a mismatch between prediction and environment—a form of predictive rigidity that can be reshaped through therapy (Seth & Friston, 2016). Application / Analysis Expanding Emotional Concepts in Therapy Therapy grounded in TCE encourages clients to: Build richer emotional vocabularies Differentiate emotional states (emotional granularity) Reappraise sensations and interpretations in light of new emotion concepts Research shows that clients with greater emotional granularity show better emotion regulation and lower incidence of mood disorders (Kashdan et al., 2015). Enhancing Interoceptive Awareness Therapists can support clients in attending to internal bodily sensations as a first step toward meaning reconstruction. Techniques include: Mindful body scanning Somatic tracking (e.g., in trauma therapy) Labeling subtle shifts in heartbeat, breath, or muscle tension Interoceptive training has been shown to reduce symptoms of anxiety, depression, and PTSD (Farb et al., 2015; Khalsa et al., 2018). Prediction Revision and Narrative Work Cognitive approaches like CBT can help clients challenge maladaptive predictions by updating core beliefs and narratives. Through conceptual reframing, clients shift their interpretation of sensations from “panic” to “anticipation,” or from “rejection” to “disagreement.” The therapist serves as a co-constructor of new emotional meaning. Implications Implications for Mental Health Diagnoses Diagnostic categories often assume discrete, universal emotions (e.g., “anxiety disorder” or “depression”). TCE suggests these categories are conceptual aggregates and may vary dramatically across individuals. This supports a dimensional and personalized approach to diagnosis and treatment. Therapeutic Approaches Aligned with TCE The following modalities already align with core TCE principles: Mindfulness-Based Therapies (MBCT, MBSR): Increase interoceptive accuracy and reduce prediction rigidity (Farb et al., 2012) Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT): Promotes flexible attention to internal states without judgment Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT): Helps clients differentiate, label, and integrate emotional experiences Narrative Therapy: Supports reconstruction of emotional identity through storytelling Client Empowerment and Neuroplasticity TCE offers a hopeful, empowering message: you are not stuck with the emotions you’ve always felt. Through conceptual learning, body awareness, and experience, emotional life can be rewritten. This aligns with principles of neuroplasticity—the brain’s lifelong capacity to change. Conclusion The Theory of Constructed Emotion transforms psychotherapy from a process of managing fixed emotional reactions to one of constructing new possibilities. By helping clients understand and update their emotional predictions, therapists foster empowerment, resilience, and authentic emotional regulation. Emotion is not what happens to us—it’s what we learn to build. References Barrett, L. F. (2017). How emotions are made: The secret life of the brain. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Barrett, L. F., & Simmons, W. K. (2015). Interoceptive predictions in the brain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 16(7), 419–429. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3950 Farb, N. A. S., Irving, J. A., Anderson, A. K., & Segal, Z. V. (2015). Mindfulness interventions and emotion regulation. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of Emotion Regulation (2nd ed., pp. 548–567). Guilford Press. Farb, N. A. S., Segal, Z. V., & Anderson, A. K. (2012). Attentional modulation of primary interoceptive and exteroceptive cortices. Cerebral Cortex, 23(1), 114–126. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhr385 Kashdan, T. B., Barrett, L. F., & McKnight, P. E. (2015). Unpacking emotion differentiation: Transforming unpleasant experience by perceiving distinctions in negativity. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24(1), 10–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721414550708 Khalsa, S. S., Adolphs, R., Cameron, O. G., Critchley, H. D., Davenport, P. W., Feinstein, J. S., … & Paulus, M. P. (2018). Interoception and mental health: A roadmap. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, 3(6), 501–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.12.004 Seth, A. K., & Friston, K. J. (2016). Active interoceptive inference and the emotional brain. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 371(1708), 20160007. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0007 Download the scholarly version of this article by clicking HERE

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Mastering the Essence of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy

Mardoche Sidor, MD and Karen Dubin, PhD, LCSW — Tue, 09 Jan 2024 19:13:59 +0000

In the ever-evolving landscape of mental health, the importance of continuous learning and professional development cannot be overstated. As mental health clinicians, our commitment to enhancing our skills and deepening our understanding of therapeutic approaches is not just a choice; it is a responsibility we owe to ourselves and, more importantly, to those entrusted in our care. The upcoming 4-hour Virtual Conference on Psychodynamic Psychotherapy stands as an unparalleled opportunity for mental health clinicians to embark on a journey of profound exploration and growth. Here’s why this event is an absolute must-attend: Rich Insights and Evolving Practices: The field of psychodynamic psychotherapy is dynamic, marked by ongoing discoveries and refined practices. This Conference unites diverse clinical expertise from multiple disciplines, providing cutting-edge insights and an opportunity to remain at the forefront of advancements in the field. Connection and Community: In the isolating world of mental health, connecting with like-minded professionals is a source of inspiration and support. This Virtual Conference provides a platform to forge meaningful connections, fostering a community where clinicians can share experiences, challenges, and triumphs. Inspiration to Innovate: The Conference is designed to inspire attendees to think outside the conventional boundaries of therapy. Through engaging presentations and real-world case studies, clinicians will be empowered to innovate their approaches, bringing fresh perspectives to their practice. Navigating Contemporary Challenges: In today’s complex mental health landscape, clinicians face unique challenges. This Conference addresses the pressing issues of our time, providing practical strategies and tools to navigate complexities such as trauma-informed care, cultural competence, and the integration of technology in therapy. Personal and Professional Growth: Attendees can expect a transformative experience that extends beyond professional knowledge. This Conference delves into the personal growth of clinicians, exploring the symbiotic relationship between the therapist’s well-being and their ability to facilitate healing in others. Client-Centered Excellence: By attending this Virtual Conference, clinicians are committing to elevating the standard of care they provide to their clients. The knowledge gained and skills honed will directly contribute to fostering healthier, more productive therapeutic relationships. As mental health clinicians, our dedication to our craft is a lifelong journey. The Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Virtual Conference is not just an event; it is an investment in the well-being of those we serve and a testament to our unwavering commitment to excellence. Let this be a pivotal moment in your professional journey – an opportunity to immerse yourself in a world of insight, connection, and transformation.

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Target Fixation: A Metaphor for Goal Achievement

Mardoche Sidor, MD and Karen Dubin, PhD, LCSW — Wed, 19 Jul 2023 22:33:22 +0000

Mardoche started to get interested in cycling. As he bikes, he started to appreciate more and more something so relevant to the work we do, every day, as clinicians. It is what we refer to in science as “Target Fixation.” What is “Target Fixation”? Target fixation is also known as “eye-steering.” It is a psychological effect that can influence our direction of travel, particularly when riding a bicycle or motorcycle.[1] Why does this happen? Here are the three main reasons why: Visual Attention[2]: Our visual attention is closely linked to our body’s movement. When we focus our eyes on a specific object or point, our attention becomes fixated on that target. As a result, our body naturally tends to move in the direction we are looking. Balance and Proprioception[3]: When riding a bike, our body relies on a combination of visual cues, balance, and proprioception to maintain stability and control. Looking in a particular direction can subtly shift our body’s balance and affect our steering input, causing the bike to lean or turn in that direction. Note that proprioception is awareness of body position. In other words, awareness plays a key role in maintaining such stability and control. Unconscious Steering Input: The act of looking in a specific direction can trigger subtle unconscious movements in our hands, arms, and upper body. These small steering adjustments, often imperceptible to us, contribute to the bike naturally following the direction of our eyes. Target fixation influences our steering and the control of the bike’s movement, not just through the above three mechanisms. Rather, also by affecting other factors, including: Our body positioning Our weight distribution Our intentional steering inputs Awareness of target fixation is key; and by consciously directing our gaze where we want to go and practicing good riding techniques, we can improve our ability to control the bike effectively and navigate safely. Now, how is this relevant to the work we do? Well, everything we do with our clients is goal-based, whether we are aware of that or not. As a result, goal achievement is key to the work we do with our patients. This is despite the fact that we, clinicians, have not been formally trained in the area of goal achievement. Now, what is the relationship between target fixation and goal achievement? Let us look: Goal achievement is a fundamental aspect of growth, development, and success. It involves: Setting clear objectives Charting a path Making progress toward desired outcomes Interestingly, the phenomenon of target fixation, often observed in activities like cycling or motorcycling, as discussed above, can serve as a powerful metaphor for understanding and achieving our goals and guide our patients and clients to do the same. Let’s explore how target fixation relates to goal achievement and the lessons it offers along the way. The Power of Focus[4]: In target fixation, the direction of our eyes and focus influence our path of travel. Similarly, in goal achievement, a clear focus on our desired outcome plays a pivotal role. By setting specific goals and maintaining unwavering attention on them, we increase our chances of reaching them. Like a cyclist intently staring at a target, our focused attention directs our efforts, decisions, and actions toward the realization of our goals. Harnessing the Unconscious Mind: Target fixation triggers subtle unconscious movements in our body, guiding us in the direction we are looking. In goal achievement, our unconscious mind also plays a significant role[5]. When we deeply internalize our goals and maintain an optimal mindset, our unconscious mind becomes aligned with our objectives. It drives us to take action, make choices, and seize opportunities that bring us closer to our desired outcomes, often without us consciously realizing it. Overcoming Distractions and Obstacles: During target fixation, excessive fixation on obstacles rather than the desired path can lead to accidents or deviations. Similarly, in goal achievement, distractions, and obstacles can divert our attention and impede progress[6]. By staying focused on our target and cultivating resilience, we can navigate around obstacles and remain on track. We learn to acknowledge distractions without losing sight of our ultimate destination. Balance and Adaptability: In target fixation, balance is crucial for maintaining control and staying on course. Likewise, in goal achievement, finding balance in our efforts, resources, and priorities is essential. Balancing dedication with self-care, perseverance with flexibility, and short-term milestones with a long-term vision, ensures sustained progress and adaptability[7]. It enables us to adjust our approach when needed without losing sight of our ultimate goal. Celebrating Milestones: During target fixation, as a cyclist reaches intermediate targets, they experience a sense of accomplishment and motivation to keep going. Similarly, in goal achievement, acknowledging and celebrating milestones along the way provides a boost of motivation and reinforces progress. By recognizing and appreciating each step taken towards our goals, we cultivate a positive mindset and the drive to continue forward. Target fixation serves as a powerful metaphor for goal achievement, teaching us the importance of focus, harnessing the unconscious mind, overcoming obstacles, maintaining balance, and celebrating milestones. By applying these lessons to our pursuit of goals, we can maximize our chances of success. As we fix our gaze on our desired outcomes, remain adaptable, and steer clear of distractions, we empower ourselves to navigate the path to achievement with determination, resilience, and unwavering focus. Isn’t this an idea worth sharing with our colleagues, our mentees, and more importantly with our patients and clients? And, please come and engage in experiential learning, through the SWEET Model, by attending one or more of the following seminars this week: Social Work Code of Ethics Mastering Genograms Cognitive Distortions and Our Clients Mastering Case Formulation The Psychotherapy Certificate Course (Self-Study) Also, join us for our upcoming CBT for PTSD Virtual Conference. [1] Bobrova, E. V., et al. “Comparative analysis of the dynamics of human postural control during fixation and pursuit of a visual target.” Biophysics 52 (2007): 248-252. [2] Samiei, Manoosh, and James J. Clark. “Target Features Affect Visual Search, A Study of Eye Fixations.” arXiv preprint […]

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The Ecological Systems Perspective and the SWEET Clinicians

Karen Dubin, PhD, LCSW — Sat, 15 Jul 2023 22:03:27 +0000

Our field of mental health encompasses a variety of models and approaches that we use to address individual, family, group, and community needs. One commonly recognized model is the ecological systems perspective[1], which emphasizes the interaction between individuals and their environments. The ecological systems perspective is also known as ecological systems theory. It is a theoretical framework that, we would agree, makes a lot of sense given the work we do. It is a perspective that highlights the importance of understanding individuals within the context of their environments and the reciprocal interactions between the person and their social systems.[2] Whether we are meeting with our clients individually, or as part of a dyad, or in a family, or group, understanding each of our clients within the context of their environment cannot be overemphasized. For, the ecological systems perspective recognizes that our clients are influenced by multiple interconnected systems. These systems, in turn, include immediate and direct influences on broader societal and cultural influences.[3] What are the different systems that the ecological systems theory encompasses? Five such systems have been developed. Let’s take a look: I. Microsystem[4]: This refers to the immediate and direct environments that our clients interact with regularly. They have a significant impact on our client’s development and well-being. They include: a. Family b. Peers c. School d. Neighborhood II. Mesosystem[5]: The mesosystem refers to the connections and interactions between different microsystems Examples include: a. The relationship between a child’s school and their family b. The influence of a person’s workplace on their family life The mesosystem examines how different microsystems intersect and influence each other. III. Exosystem[6]: The exosystem includes environments that indirectly impact our clients but do not involve direct participation. Two examples are: a. The influence of a parent’s workplace on the family b. Government policies affecting communities IV. Macrosystem[7]: The macrosystem encompasses broader cultural values, social norms, and ideologies. All these, in turn, shape our clients’ experiences The macrosystem includes: a. Societal beliefs b. Economic systems c. Political structures d. Cultural traditions V. Chronosystem[8]: The chronosystem recognizes the influence of time and historical context on our clients and their environments. It encompasses the changes and transitions that occur over the client’s lifespan and historical events and societal shifts and their impact thereof. According to the ecological systems perspective, our clients are not isolated entities. Rather, they are shaped by the systems they interact with. By understanding the various systems and their dynamics, SWEET Clinicians get to intervene at multiple levels to promote the most change, support resilience, and enhance well-being. As SWEET Clinicians, we consider the impact of various systems on our clients’ life. We then learn to collaborate with our clients, their families, communities, and other professionals to address systemic barriers, provide support, and advocate for social justice. We do so while paying close attention to the principle of the ecological systems perspective. Now, unto you: 1. Which of these 5 Systems has been most at play in your clients’ lives? 2. Let us know which tools we can help with. The vision of the SWEET Institute is to provide a safe space for all clinicians throughout the world where they can amass the tools they need, including tools for providing the best care possible, particularly to those who are the hardest to reach. 3. Consider attending one of the following relevant seminars that may help provide you with additional tools: A. Schema Therapy for Clinicians B. Addiction Mental Health C. Geriatric Mental Health D. Caring for Caregivers E. Social Work Code of Ethics F. Optimal Aging [1] Evans, Olivia Guy. “Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory.” (2020). [2] Rothery, Michael. “Ecological systems theory.” Theoretical perspectives for direct social work practice: A generalist-eclectic approach (2001): 65-82. [3] Renn, K. A., & Arnold, K. D. (2003). Reconceptualizing Research on College Student Peer Culture. The Journal of Higher Education, 74(3), 261–293. [4] Härkönen, Ulla. “The Bronfenbrenner ecological systems theory of human development.” (2001): 1-19. [5] Noursi, Samia, Bani Saluja, and Leah Richey. “Using the ecological systems theory to understand Black/White disparities in maternal morbidity and mortality in the United States.” Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities 8 (2021): 661-669. [6] Martinello, Emily. “Applying the ecological systems theory to better understand and prevent child sexual abuse.” Sexuality & Culture 24.1 (2020): 326-344. [7] Crawford, M. “Ecological Systems theory: Exploring the development of the theoretical framework as con-ceived by Bronfenbrenner.” J Pub Health Issue Pract 4.2 (2020): 170. [8] Bluteau, Patricia, Lynn Clouder, and Debra Cureton. “Developing interprofessional education online: An ecological systems theory analysis.” Journal of interprofessional care 31.4 (2017): 420-428.

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Wants, Desires, Superclinicians/SWEET Clinicians

Mardoche Sidor, MD and Karen Dubin, PhD, LCSW — Sat, 24 Jun 2023 12:25:32 +0000

Superclinicians are SWEET Clinicians. This means they are clinicians whose vision is to Support Wellbeing through Empowerment, Education, and Training. In this vein, they tend to pay attention to what their patients want, need, or desire. Yet, people’s wants and desires can vary greatly depending on preferences, needs at a particular time, and circumstances. However, Superclinicians do know that there are some common things that many people tend to want in life. They use these common denominators as their point of reference to engage their clients and help them achieve their desired state. Here are five wants and desires and what Superclinicians or SWEET Clinicians know about them: Happiness and Fulfillment: Superclinicians know that, whether we are aware of it or not, we all desire happiness and fulfillment. Some people may not know how to express it, and Superclinicians know that it is their role to help provide a safe space where their patients can identify and use the tools that can help them succeed in first becoming aware of this desire and then expressing it. Superclinicians help their clients find ways to get involved in various activities and experiences that will help them get out of their comfort zone, stretch and develop themselves. Their patients often find that the outcomes are usually joy, satisfaction, and a sense of purpose – exactly what they have wanted all along and the main ingredients to happiness and fulfillment. Health and Well-being: Superclinicians know that individuals generally want optimal physical and mental health. They know that their clients strive to maintain a healthy lifestyle, engage in regular exercise, eat nutritious food, and take care of their overall well-being. They use the triad of the Explanatory Model, the Solution Model, and the Gap Bridging to help start conversations with their patients. They neither shy away from having these conversations nor do they invade their patients. They make use of the Socratic Motivational Practice, and the Patient-Centered Cared Model to facilitate these sensitive and often difficult conversations. Meaningful Relationships: Superclinicians know that we are social creatures[1]. We are designed that way; and we desire meaningful connections with others. Superclinicians know that meaningful connections require optimal socialization. They know that it means how we operate and where we operate is required to build and nurture relationships with families, friends, partners, and communities. Superclinicians also know that their patients are often looking externally and placing the responsibility of developing meaningful relationships on others. This is an inside-out paradigm, and it is unfamiliar to most. It, therefore, takes a process of unlearning, learning, and continuous learning. With that, Superclinicians are always ready to meet their clients where they are; and help strengthen their area of life of relationship with others. Success and Achievement: Who says “success” or “achievement” is not something to want? Many individuals have ambitions and aspirations for personal and professional success. Superclinicians know that this is totally part of who we are. They understand that we are all here to evolve, to develop, to grow, and to model. They understand that the more we have the more we can give; and that we cannot give what we do not have. They then borrow from Goal-Based Therapy[2], from Jay Haley’s Strategic Interventions[3], and from the theories of Goal Setting. They then work with their clients and help them set and achieve goals. They provide a safe place where their patients find the tools and empower themselves to pursue careers or passions through which they express a sense of accomplishment and fulfillment. They also learn to empower themselves to use the Law of Little Things, turning their goals[4] into objectives, using strategies, and turning them into tactics, then milestones in areas that are important to them. Financial Stability: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs[5] is a theory proposed by psychologist Abraham Maslow in 1943. It suggests that human beings have a hierarchical structure of needs that must be fulfilled in a specific order to achieve Self-Actualization. The hierarchy is typically depicted as a pyramid with five levels, from the most basic physiological needs at the bottom to higher-level psychological and self-fulfillment needs at the top. A sixth need, self-transcendence[6] was added later on after he had become acquainted with the Viennese psychiatrist, Viktor Frankl, the father of Logotherapy, and author of the best-selling book, Man’s Search for Meaning[7]. Maslow’s first five needs are as follows: Physiological Needs: Which are the fundamental biological needs necessary for survival, such as air, water, food, shelter, sleep, and basic bodily functions. Safety Needs: Which are the search for safety and security, and stability. Love and Belongingness Needs: Which are related to social connection, love, and a sense of belonging. Esteem Needs: Which are related to self-respect, achievement, confidence, and the respect and admiration of others. Self-Actualization Needs: Which involve the pursuit of personal goals, self-discovery, self-fulfillment, and realizing one’s true potential. As you can see, finances are related, one way or another, to each of these five needs in the hierarchy. No wonder, it is a common desire for many people. Our clients, too, seek to have a stable income, meet their financial obligations, and have enough resources to fulfill their needs and pursue their goals. Superclinicians or SWEET Clinicians understand that; and they work with their clients towards such goals, following the 7 Areas of Life Model. Now unto you: How much of a Superclinician or SWEET Clinician are you? Which of the above are you already doing? Which ones would you like to start implementing right away? When would you like to start implementing them? What do you need to get started? Below is a list of series happening at the SWEET Institute that you may find to be helpful and relevant to you either becoming or strengthening yourself as a SWEET Clinician. Which ones can you commit to attend? See below and see you soon: Schema Therapy for Clinicians: Mondays from 8-9pm (EDT) Geriatric Mental Health: 1st & 3rd Wednesday, 8-9pm (EDT) Child and Adolescent Mental Health Series: 1st & 3rd Saturday, 2-3pm […]

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How to Follow Through – The 10 Strategies of Superclinicians

Mardoche Sidor, MD and Karen Dubin, PhD, LCSW — Mon, 19 Jun 2023 21:45:04 +0000

Sticking to our schedule can be challenging. This is because of habit patterns. It takes strategies. It takes discipline. It takes the use of the Cognitive Function of Imagination or the Cognitive Function Assessment. Regardless of what method we use, it is possible to improve our ability to follow through with our own schedule. One thing to wonder about is: Why is it easier for us to follow through with something we said we would do for someone else rather than following through with something we said we would for ourselves? How about the ability to follow through regardless of whether it is about doing something for others or for us? Superclinicians or Supertherapists have a way of making this happen. Read on for 10 Strategies They Use. 1. Set Clear Goals[1]: If you are a Superclinician, it means you start by defining your priorities and establishing clear goals. This, in turn, will help provide you with a sense of purpose and motivation to stick to your schedule. 2. Create a Realistic Schedule: As a Superclinician, you are realistic about the time you allocate for each task or activity. You avoid overloading your schedule. And you foresee any likelihood of interruptions and plan for them accordingly. 3. Prioritize and Focus: You also identify the most important tasks or activities that align with your goals. You then prioritize them and dedicate focused time and attention to completing them. 4. Break It Down: As a Superclinician, you make use of the Law of Little Things. This means you break larger tasks or projects into smaller, manageable steps. This makes them less overwhelming and easier to address within the allocated time slots. 5. Eliminate or Minimize Distractions: You minimize potential distractions[2] during scheduled periods. You put away your phone, you close unnecessary browser tabs, and you create a conducive environment for focused work. This means the social media, text messages or call alerts are all turned off for a chunk of time. You then reward yourself with a few minutes of social media, phone, or TV, when taking a break 6. Time Blocking[3]: As a Superclinician, you use time blocking techniques to allocate specific time slots for different activities or tasks. You set clear start and end times for each block and commit to sticking to those timeframes. 7. Use Reminders and Alarms: You also set reminders or alarms on your phone or calendar to prompt you to switch tasks or move on to the next scheduled activity. This can help keep you on track and maintain your schedule. 8. Be Flexible, but Mindful: You know it’s important to stick to your schedule, but you are open to necessary adjustments and unforeseen circumstances. However, you remain mindful of not deviating unnecessarily or allowing constant disruptions. 9. Track and Evaluate: You have learned to keep track of your adherence to the schedule and evaluate your progress regularly. You reflect on what worked well and what could be improved. You also make adjustments accordingly. 10. Practice Discipline and Consistency: Overall, you know that following through requires discipline and consistency[4]. As a Superclinician, you have done that, as you commit to following through with your planned activities, even when your motivation might waver. Yes, it takes time and practice to develop a habit[5] of following through with your schedule. Be patient with yourself, make adjustments as needed, and celebrate your successes along the way. Now, unto you: Which of these 10 strategies you have been practicing? Which ones you are yet to master? Let us know and join us for one of the following five series that are currently taking place at the SWEET Institute: Speed Reading for Clinicians: Mondays from 7-8pm (EDT) Schema Therapy for Clinicians: Mondays from 8-9pm (EDT) Super Memory Skills for Clinicians: Wednesdays from 7-8pm (EDT) Addiction Mental Health: 2nd and 4th Wednesday, 8-9pm (EDT) Geriatric Mental Health: 1st & 3rd Wednesday, 8-9pm (EDT) [1] Elavsky, Steriani, Shawna E. Doerksen, and David E. Conroy. “Identifying priorities among goals and plans: A critical psychometric reexamination of the exercise goal-setting and planning/scheduling scales.” Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology 1.3 (2012): 158. [2] Lavie, Nilli. “Attention, distraction, and cognitive control under load.” Current directions in psychological science 19.3 (2010): 143-148. [3] Rampton, John. “Time blocking tips top experts and scientists use to increase productivity.” Inc (2019). [4] McChesney, Chris, Sean Covey, and Jim Huling. The 4 disciplines of execution: Achieving your wildly important goals. Vol. 34. No. 10. Simon and Schuster, 2012. [5] Ceceli, Ahmet O., and Elizabeth Tricomi. “Habits and goals: a motivational perspective on action control.” Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences 20 (2018): 110-116.

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How to Become Wise: The Supertherapist’s Ten Reflections on Wisdom

Mardoche Sidor, MD and Karen Dubin, PhD, LCSW — Thu, 01 Jun 2023 10:36:52 +0000

The Supertherapist knows all too well that wisdom means to be integrated with the Source of Wisdom in them. They also know that the process of being integrated with the Source of Wisdom involves: Unlearning Relearning Learning again In this process, Supertherapists: Remove blocks, in form of patterns Gain knowledge, which is different from perception or just information Go through an experiential process culminating in understanding They then learn to develop: Sound judgment Wisdom Discernment Here are the ten reflections of Supertherapists on Wisdom and becoming wise: Allowing Understanding Actively allowing learning and knowledge in various areas of life Reading books Engaging in meaningful conversations Exploring different perspectives Staying curious about ourselves, others, and the world around them Embracing Life Experiences Learning from our own experiences and reflecting upon them Embracing both successes and failures as opportunities for growth and self-integration Extracting valuable lessons from each experience to enhance our understanding of life Practicing Critical Thinking[1] Developing the ability to think critically and analyzing information objectively Questioning assumptions, limiting beliefs and schemas Evaluating evidence, and considering alternative viewpoints Avoiding hasty judgments and striving for a balanced and rational approach Cultivating Open-Mindedness Being open to new ideas, perspectives, and possibilities Avoiding rigid thinking and embracing intellectual flexibility Allowing ourselves to consider different viewpoints, even if they challenge our existing beliefs Seeking Guidance from Mentors Seeking out mentors or wise individuals who can provide guidance and share their wisdom with us Learning from others’ experiences, insights, and advice Knowing that others’ guidance can be part of our process of mastering how to navigate challenges and gain valuable insights from and through life Practicing Self-Reflection[2] Taking time for introspection and self-reflection Exploring our thoughts, emotions, and beliefs Regularly evaluating our own actions, motivations, and values Understanding that self-reflection helps deepen self-awareness and promotes personal growth Learning from Others Observing and learning from the experiences and wisdom of others Engaging in meaningful conversations, listening actively, and asking questions Being open to learning from people of different ages, backgrounds, and perspectives Cultivating Empathy[3] Developing the ability to understand and empathize with others Seeking to understand others’ experiences, emotions, and perspectives Understanding that empathy helps broaden our understanding of the human condition and enhances our ability to make wise decisions Practicing Mindfulness[4] Cultivating mindfulness by being fully present in the moment and aware of our thoughts, emotions, and sensations Understanding that mindfulness helps us observe and respond to situations with clarity and wisdom Embracing Humility[5] Recognizing our own limitations and embracing a humble attitude Avoiding excessive pride or arrogance. For we know that they hinder the growth of wisdom Understanding that humility allows us to: Be open to learning Consider different viewpoints Accept that we don’t have all the answers; unless we are fully integrated with our Source of Wisdom Now unto you: Many of these reflections are yours. Others are very much familiar to you; while still others are still a challenge. Here, at SWEET, we have thousands of online seminars that can help you in your process of becoming wise. Click the link below to select some courses, and let us continue to be empowered and model for our patients and clients to do the same. Schema Therapy for Clinicians: Mondays from 8-9pm (EDT) Philosophy and Mental Health: Monday, 10:30-11:30pm Super Memory Skills for Clinicians: Wednesdays from 7-8pm (EDT) Writing Skills for Clinicians: Thursdays from 10:30-11:30pm (EDT) Spiritual Tools for Clinical Outcomes: 2nd and 4th Saturday, 2-3pm Please also join us for our upcoming CBT Virtual Conference on CBT for Substance Use, Friday, June 16, 2023 [1] Krupat, Edward, et al. “Thinking critically about critical thinking: ability, disposition or both?.” Medical education 45.6 (2011): 625-635. [2] Gerace, Adam, et al. “‘I think, you think’: Understanding the importance of self-reflection to the taking of another person’s perspective.” Journal of Relationships Research 8 (2017): e9. [3] Hardee, James T. “An overview of empathy.” The Permanente Journal 7.4 (2003): 51. [4] Irving, Julie Anne, Patricia L. Dobkin, and Jeeseon Park. “Cultivating mindfulness in health care professionals: A review of empirical studies of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR).” Complementary therapies in clinical practice 15.2 (2009): 61-66. [5] Huynh, Ho Phi, and Amy Dicke-Bohmann. “Humble doctors, healthy patients? Exploring the relationships between clinician humility and patient satisfaction, trust, and health status.” Patient Education and Counseling 103.1 (2020): 173-179.

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