Anxiety - SWEET INSTITUTE - Continuing Education for Mental Health Professionals

Fear About Going Back to Normal

Mardoche Sidor, MD and Karen Dubin, PhD, LCSW — Mon, 12 Apr 2021 12:18:34 +0000

Hearing for the first time, “We need not be afraid of our thoughts,” can leave us feeling confused, shocked, or even upset. Yet, our attitude will determine what follows next. If we have a growth mindset [1], we are likely to be curious, wonder, ponder, ask questions, and even look for more information. On the other hand, if we have a fixed mindset [2], we are more likely to ruminate upon how confusing, shocking, and upsetting such an assertion is. This then leads to more confusion, shock, and upset. And this then confirms what the assertion was based upon to begin with. In other words, the reason why the more we ruminate on how upset we feel the more upset we feel, is because our brain works through associations. Association takes place through the firing of neurons [3]. And the more intense and the longer the firing of our neurons, the more we are likely to experience the effects. And that’s the same thing that happens when we feel. Our neurons are firing so regularly, frequently, and intensely, that our feeling has reached an action potential, whose effects are then experienced. The above biochemical explanatory model of thoughts and feelings has been simplified to make it available to all. However, if fully understood, it will be enough to appreciate and understand the following biochemical based fact, “We need not be afraid of our thoughts.” Regardless of whether we are talking about fear, worries, anxiety, or feeling upset, it is a biochemical fact that we are simply feeling our thought. Moreover, the Neuroscience basis for this assertion is best explained through the Inside-Out Paradigm [4]. Simply put, our thoughts are simply reflected in the outside through our feelings, through our somatic symptoms, through our behaviors, and the like. This means when we feel fear, we must be having fear thoughts; and we need not be afraid of these fear thoughts because, in fact, being afraid of them entails thought association. Thought association entails neuron firing, leading to action potential. All this means is that we continue to activate the same thought that is being reflected as a type of feeling that we want to go away. In other words, we are reinforcing the fear thoughts and feelings because we are focusing on them. In Reality, in Truth, we need not be afraid of our thoughts, not those of fear, not those of upset, not those of worries, or anxiety, none of them. When we fully understand that we will be able to: Develop a healthier relationship with our thoughts Develop a healthier relationship with fear Understand how we do not fear anything other than our thoughts Understand once we are no longer afraid of our thoughts of fear, we will no longer need to be afraid of our feeling of fear Appreciate that once we’re no longer afraid of our feeling of fear, we will develop a healthier relationship with our fear of going back to normal. At SWEET we are: Translating the latest in Science into clinical care Bridging the 25-year gap in translational research Organizing the rapidly increasing vast of knowledge in our field (doubles every 18 months) in such a way that all of us clinicians can use, implement, practice, and develop into skills, leading to mastery We are committed to this because the two of us (Karen and Mardoche) have witnessed in clinical practice and in the literature the following: Patients who have physical health needs experiencing successful intersection with mental health, emotional health, and behavioral modification so that they benefit from optimal health Patients in the general mental health, psychiatry, and neurology systems are shown to have started displaying symptoms early and we therefore ought to start early Adolescents who get involved in the juvenile justice system and who use mind altering substances. This means pediatric mental health is to be comprehensive and requires multifaceted skills Those involved in the criminal justice system have high recidivism rates that are related to challenges around reentry and around substance use disorder. This means to properly make a difference in the lives of this patient population, we ought to hone on our skills on transition and on substance use disorder treatment Most of those with a substance use disorder enter recovery and then relapse, then recover and then relapse. A phenomenon often related to their environment, among other factors, but most being related to the Social Determinants of Health. To help our patients then, including those with substance use disorder, we ought to address the Social Determinants of Health with a focus on systems, and management Clinicians are working with clients from primary care, to criminal justice system, to FQHC, to College mental health, inpatient, community mental health and beyond. All of them with no exceptions are being cared for by us, clinicians, on the front line. And as we are taking care of them, we find ourselves to be burnt-out. The vast majority of us experience exhaustion, a sense of cynicism, and a sense of lack of accomplishment – the burnout triad. Then, we realized and asked, how can we really make a difference in the lives of our patients without making a difference in the lives of those of us taking care of our patients? Then SWEET was born to be the place for all clinicians throughout the world. To be the community, the place of support for one another, the place of training, cutting edge education, and where each clinician and agency alike feel empowered to care for everyone from those who are the most vulnerable to those who are the highest functioning. This is what SWEET is all about. As such, as we are learning to develop a healthy relationship with fear about going back to normal, we hope you will use this opportunity to make SWEET your second home, so together we work on ceasing suffering once and for all. No one, absolutely no one, is to be afraid of one’s thoughts, when […]

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The FEAR Steps for Fear:

Mardoche Sidor, MD and Karen Dubin, PhD, LCSW — Mon, 15 Mar 2021 21:00:00 +0000

You have heard so many things about fear. Many of them are contradictory [1]. And, none of the ways we have been taught to deal with fear work. We know. We’ve been there both as human beings clinicians. Like you, we got tired of working with our patients on fear, without any real lasting progress. But, we used our frustration to find out what really works, and we are excited to give you a taste of it. Here are the 4 FEAR Steps to help your patients out of their revolving cycle of FEAR: ForgiveEngageAcceptRecover Fear starts as a thought. It is a thought, just like any other thought. It is neutral until it gets activated. There are many ways we consciously or unconsciously activate that thought. One way for us to stop doing it is to Forgive. How does that work exactly? Etymologically, the word, Forgive means to give, to grant, to allow, to give up, to give in, and to give and receive [2]. When we forgive a thought, we allow it to be. We give it space. We know it’s just a thought, and, therefore, we give up the need to do anything about it. We know that all thoughts are transitory; the only way a thought of fear would linger would be because we focus on it, dislike it, or try to do whatever is possible to make it go away. When we forgive we do not do that, and that’s the first step required to develop a healthy relationship with fear. As we forgive, it becomes clear that there is a difference between observing the fear thought and the thought of fear itself. We realize that there is a distinction, that we are not our thought, that we are not our fear, and this distinction is the most powerful one of all. For this is when we get to choose. We get to choose to ENGAGE. Etymologically, the word, engage means “to involve someone or something else.”[3] And we get to do so using one of the following: Thought Refocusing Cognitive Restructuring [4] Thought Substitution Thought Redirecting Any of the above four methods are ways for us to engage. If you are familiar with these methods, you will recall that you are not engaging the fear thought. Rather, you are either: 1. Choosing a different thought; 2. Working with the cognitive error related to the fear thought; 3. Engage in Thought Substitution Practice; or 4. Shift to Consciousness-Based-Thinking. While which one we choose is dependent upon our level of psychological mindedness; one thing for sure is that the more we use any of the above four methods, the more we will find ourselves developing a healthier relationship with FEAR. This, itself, leads us to the 3rd step of ACCEPT. Etymologically, the word “accept,” means “to take something to oneself, ”to receive without effort.”[5] Accepting fear does not mean “resigning.” Nor does it mean, “hopeless” or “helpless.” It does not mean “being disempowered.” On the contrary, accepting fear means entails: Knowing it is a thought – a neutral one, and only we get to activate it or not Knowing we are not our thought, and we can notice our thought, without having to do anything about it Knowing that the thought of fear is making its transitory way, and there are several ways we can engage Knowing that as we engage, we can just notice the thought of fear in the background, while we go on about our day. And this is ACCEPTANCE. As we have mastered this step of acceptance, we then enter the step known as RECOVER. Etymologically, to recover means “to regain Consciousness,” or “to return to health.”[6] First, we allow the thought of fear (Forgive). Second, we engage away from the fear of thought, without confronting or resisting (Engage). Third, we receive the thought of fear without any effort whatsoever (Accept). And then fourth, we regain Consciousness, or awareness; we become aware that fear started with a thought, that we need not be afraid of our thoughts, and we can do so by forgiving, engaging, accepting, leading us to recover, and recover each time, guaranteed. The best part is that each time we experience fear, we can use it as an opportunity to practice the FEAR steps. Relatedly, each time we practice, we get better and better at these steps. Lastly, as we get better at these steps, we not only become less and less afraid of our thoughts of fear, but also, these thoughts of fear become less and less present, and when they are present, they are just in the background, while we continue to go about our day. Isn’t this a piece of science worth spreading? The SWEET Institute is committed to make the latest in science available to all clinicians so they can help their patients, using what’s been shown to really work. Enough with all these techniques that are rooted in a misunderstanding of the mechanism of symptoms. It is time for clinicians and patients to get the best possible tools to live a fulfilling, authentically happy, and authentically successful life. Do you not want to be part of this vision? We look forward to welcoming you. Until then,Karen and Mardoche [1] Adolphs, Ralph. “The biology of fear.” Current biology : CB vol. 23,2 (2013): R79-93. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.11.055 [2] “Forgive (v.).” Index, www.etymonline.com/word/forgive. [3] “Engage (v.).” Index, www.etymonline.com/word/engage. [4] Boyes, Alice. “Cognitive Restructuring.” Psychology Today, Sussex Publishers, 21 Jan. 2013, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/in-practice/201301/cognitive-restructuring. [5] “Accept (v.).” Index, www.etymonline.com/word/accept#etymonline_v_109. [6] “Recover (v.).” Index, www.etymonline.com/word/recover.

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The One Constant in Anxiety

Mardoche Sidor, MD and Karen Dubin, PhD, LCSW — Wed, 10 Mar 2021 15:00:00 +0000

Have you been complaining [1] about your spouse, a parent, your child, or a sibling? Have you been complaining about a family member, a friend, your boss, or a co-worker? How long have you been complaining about them? What’s the result of complaining been? Or, how much change have you noticed in any of those individuals you’ve been complaining about? Now, the question is, why. Why is it that complaining about anyone leads to no changes whatsoever? In fact, why is it that you may be complaining about John, while someone else tells you that John is the best person on earth? How do we explain that? Is it taste? Is it because “everyone is different?” Have we been using thoughtless explanations like this that we have learned to explain things that we barely understand, or is it something else? No matter how much complaining you’ve been doing, there have been no changes; and the reason you are unlikely to see any changes in those individuals is because it has nothing whatsoever to do with them but has everything to do with you.[2] This is because: You can experience only the product of your thoughts Your thoughts are not without an effect The effects of your thoughts expand beyond you Our discovery that the effects of our thoughts expand beyond us is one of the most revolutionary neuroscientific findings available, it helps explain so many dilemmas, and helps reduce relationship to its simplest possible formula. In other words, when you are looking at others, whatever it is that may be about them is totally and absolutely neutral. Whatever it is that may be about them has no meaning whatsoever. And whatever it is that may be about them will remain meaningless until you start assigning meaning to them. [3] You may be reading about relationships in this context for the first time. It is rather counterintuitive to how we were all raised, socialized, and programmed; yet it is the single Constant in relationships. Everything else you may have heard about relationships is a variable. One thing may work for you, while not for someone else. One thing may give you one result with one person, while a different result with someone else. And one thing may give you one result with one person one time, and a different result with that same person at a different time. What remains constant and will always be so is you. You are the constant. And you are the constant because you are the thinker and with your thought, you started to give meaning to the person, her words, her actions or behaviors, and her “attitude.” Until then, her “attitude” was totally neutral, and your thought started the process of the production of an effect. Now, for those with social or performance anxiety; or for those with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), or PTSD, triggered by someone, or by a type of relationship, this is rather great news for them. For when they begin to understand that everything about anyone around them is neutral, yet they start to experience some feelings or body manifestations, they will be able to remind themselves that such a response or reaction has nothing to do with the other person, but has all to do with their own thought assigning meaning to that person. The awareness itself will not resolve the anxiety overnight, but it will be an insightful beginning towards a solution of anxiety, particularly that related to social or performance anxiety, GAD, PTSD, or trauma reactivity. As a clinician, would you like to learn more about the one constant that makes the difference in Anxiety? If so, join us for our full-day 6 CEU webinar on Anxiety Disorder, scheduled for Friday, March 12th. Click here to register, and Until soon,Karen and Mardoche [1] Eion, Katherine. “Effectively Stop Complaining in 7 Easy Steps.” Lifehack, Lifehack, 20 Feb. 2014, www.lifehack.org/articles/communication/7-effective-ways-stop-complaining.html. [2] Sofield, Deb. “Don’t Complain About Things You Are Not Willing to Change.” Medium, Medium, 27 Jan. 2018, medium.com/@debsofield/dont-complain-about-things-you-are-not-willing-to-change-2bf6fae94817. [3] Marsen, S. (2008). The Role of Meaning in Human Thinking, Journal of Evolution and Technology 17(1) pgs 45-58. http://jetpress.org/v17/marsen.html

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Anxiety and the 10 CUT: (The 10 Commandments to fully Understand and effectively Treat anxiety)

Mardoche Sidor, MD and Karen Dubin, PhD, LCSW — Mon, 08 Mar 2021 22:00:00 +0000

Anxiety is the number one mental health condition [1]. Much has been used or tried, and all to no avail. Why is that? What might that be telling us? When was the last time we stopped and thought and wonder about how we can make a true difference in suffering due to Anxiety? Albert Einstein, famously said, “We cannot solve our problems with the same type of thinking that created them.” What did he mean by that? He meant that the type of thinking that is part of the problem cannot be used to solve the problem. In other words, to relate this to Anxiety: Anxiety has been an increasing problem We’ve been doing so much to treat Anxiety with little to no success We’ve been unsuccessful at our attempts because our attempts have been colored by the same type of thinking about Anxiety that has created and perpetuated Anxiety The question now bears, “What type of thinking has led to anxiety to start with and that has perpetuated it?” The answer to this vital question can be formulated in many different ways. Let us look at one of them: We’ve been socialized into the erroneous belief that this is an outside-in world. Because it is a mass belief, it has developed into a group, “optical delusion,” as Einstein alluded to. Being a delusion, no matter what evidence we have that what we believe is not so, we persist in believing that is. This belief becomes fixed, and persists despite the evidence of the contrary, which is the scientific definition of a delusion [2]. The sad thing is that as long as we persist in the mass delusion that this is an outside-in world, we will never understand Anxiety nor effectively treat it. For, as Einstein also says, “If I am given 60 minutes to solve a problem, I will use 55 minutes to understand it and five minutes to solve it. [3]” It does not matter what we do for or with Anxiety, and it does not matter what methods we use, we will always have symptom-based treatment and not real problem-based treatment as long as we fail to understand Anxiety. What does understanding anxiety mean? Understanding anxiety means understanding the following: There is a large gap between science and the clinical treatment of Anxiety Anxiety cannot be understood and treated without an understanding of the time factor Anxiety as a feeling has an internal source and never an external one Anxiety cannot be understood or effectively treated without an understanding of the 3 Fundamentals To understand Anxiety entails understanding Thought as the Operant Factor, and learning what it means and how to develop a healthy relationship with thoughts Anxiety cannot be understood or treated effectively without the understanding of the three types of thoughts A full understanding of Incessant Thinking, its meaning, and how it contributes to Anxiety The relationship between Incessant thinking, Belief, and Anxiety A full understanding of Anxiety and the Belief-Identity Pathway The real role of Genetics, Environment, Epigenetics, and Anxiety We can call these the 10 Commandments to fully Understand and effectively Treat anxiety (The 10 CUT). Each time you master one of these commandments, it means you are gaining a better understanding of Anxiety, and you are better able to treat it. Now, unto you: What do you see from reading this article? How well do you think you understand Anxiety? When was the last time you discovered something that you had spent all your life believing, that was just not so? The father of American literature, Mark Twain, famously said: “It ain’t what you don’t know that gets you into trouble. It’s what you know for sure that just ain’t so.” Dear friends and colleagues, we ought to let you know that the current knowledge about Anxiety is one of the things that we think we know for sure, yet, that just is not so. And this is what, this is why, this is how, we’ve been getting into so much trouble, and we’ll continue to get into more trouble unless we take a step back and learn to understand Anxiety. The great news is that the 10CUT is there for you as your guide, and we hope you take advantage of it. We, at SWEET, dedicate ourselves to give the best of ourselves to our field, to our colleagues, to our patients. We hope you will appreciate our contribution, and use it to help your patients. For, it is time for our patients to get some relief from their suffering. We entered this field to do just that. And if not now, when? And if not us, who? We thank you for accepting this invitation, and we send you love, Karen and Mardoche [1]“Facts & Statistics: Anxiety and Depression Association of America, ADAA.” Facts & Statistics | Anxiety and Depression Association of America, ADAA, adaa.org/understanding-anxiety/facts-statistics. [2] Shiel Jr., William C. “Definition of Delusion.” MedicineNet, MedicineNet, 21 Dec. 2018, www.medicinenet.com/delusion/definition.htm. [3] Kataria, Vishal, and Follow. “3 Things About Problem Solving Which Albert Einstein Teaches Us.” LinkedIn, 9 June 2014, www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140609042202-59384553-3-things-about-problem-solving-which-albert-einstein-teaches-us/.

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Anxiety and Focus

Mardoche Sidor, MD and Karen Dubin, PhD, LCSW — Thu, 04 Mar 2021 10:00:00 +0000

Everything you experience is the result of your thoughts. Regardless of how categorical this may sound it is a basic Truth in Neuroscience. You cannot talk without a thought; and in fact, when you talk you are simply thinking aloud [1]. You cannot move or act without thinking. And when you behave or are learning or writing, you are thinking. When we break it down like this, it may become easier to understand why you cannot possibly experience anything without your thoughts, and why, therefore, everything you experience is the result of your thought, and cannot be any different from the result of your thought [2]. And there is no exception to this fact. This can be great news for those with Anxiety. Once they know it is about their thoughts, they then know that whatever they may be thinking they are experiencing related to their anxiety is the result of their thoughts. And, in their thoughts lie the solution to their anxiety. This is neither simplistic nor reductionistic, nor easy. However, if our thought is the basis for everything, then logic follows that to address anxiety requires addressing our thoughts. How do we go about doing that? There are several ways to go about this, which we will be addressing during our full-day webinar on Skills for Anxiety. There is also a simple rule, known as the 10 Minute Rule, which can be found to make a world of difference. First, the remainder of this article will cover some underlying concepts that will prepare you for a fuller understanding of this Rule. Then, at our full day webinar, we will be outlining the Rule what it entails and the different steps to follow; how to best implement the Rule for the best possible result; and which pitfalls to avoid. When you are anxious, you become aware of it through manifestations in your body and/or your feelings [3]. And as we already explained in a previous article, by the time you are experiencing your feelings or your body is feeling the emotions, all bets are off. This means you have already experienced a number of associated thoughts, and are at the point where an action potential takes place in the brain. This therefore means, while trying to manage your feelings of anxiety at the level of feelings, it is too late to really make a significant difference because the brain has already fired. This also means working with the associated thoughts is also too late, and that an intervention that will truly make a difference for anxiety has to be at the level where the threshold at which the action potential takes place has yet to be reached. If you remember the Belief-Identity Pathway, you will recall that immediately prior to the associated thoughts is focus. Focusing is the focus on the meaning you have given to the initial neutral thought in your active thinking process. And because focusing is more likely to be conscious and still below the action potential threshold, this is a very strategic place. With this understanding, you are ready to learn the Rule of 10 for Anxiety. And if you are a clinician who would like to help your patients with anxiety in a way that will truly make a difference, then please join us for our full day 6 CEU webinar on Skills for Anxiety. Click here to register, and We will see you then, Karen and Mardoche [1] Gould, Wendy Rose. “Go Ahead, Talk to Yourself. It’s Normal -and Good for You.” NBCNews.com, NBCUniversal News Group, 10 Oct. 2018, www.nbcnews.com/better/health/talking-yourself-normal-here-s-how-master-it-ncna918091. [2] Noë, Alva. “Thought and Experience.” American Philosophical Quarterly, vol. 36, no. 3, 1999, pp. 257–265. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/20009969. Accessed 3 Mar. 2021. [3] 12 Effects of Anxiety on the Body – Healthline. www.healthline.com/health/anxiety/effects-on-body.

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An Inside-Out World

Mardoche Sidor, MD and Karen Dubin, PhD, LCSW — Thu, 18 Feb 2021 14:33:29 +0000

Reality and illusory-based thinking. This article was first published in Psychology Today Almost all of us navigate the world through a set of controlled hallucinations [1]. While it would be in our best interest to give up these controlled hallucinations, we have all agreed to collectively call them “reality.” Our reluctance to give up our controlled hallucinations makes sense, except that suffering ends up being the consequence. Regardless of how our thought systems convey and repeat the message, we still seem to miss it. We fail to understand, appreciate, or see that this is an inside-out world [2]. In other words, we continue to navigate the world as if it were happening to us; as if we were victims of it. Understanding that this is an inside-out world entails taking responsibility for our lives, and our circumstances. Yet this is no easy accomplishment, and for many reasons: We are socialized to think dualistically [3]: It’s either/or, it’s all or nothing — and there is no grey area. As such, we are socialized to either blame the outside for our own circumstances or blame ourselves for our life situation. Both blaming ourselves and blaming the outside world lead to suffering. And, both are based on an illusory context. If the only two options we think we have are between blaming “others” or “things” and blaming “ourselves,” then taking responsibility for our lives remains elusive. We’ve spent our life “believing” in an outside-in world. Beliefs direct our actions, which means we act as if things were coming from the outside into our brain instead of the other way around. Because we try to remain faithful to our belief system, we behave accordingly. It is then hard for us to even consider what life would be like if we stopped pretending that it operates from an outside-in paradigm. We are oblivious to the concept of Consciousness. Yes, we experience it all the time and would not be able to experience it without it. We would not be able to enjoy a movie, get fully into it, and still know that it is just a movie. Consciousness allows us to do this. Yet, we still have no idea what the decisive factor is-what Consciousness is. It takes a different level and state of Consciousness to see Reality, to shift to Reality-Based Thinking, and to see Harmony instead of the effects of Illusory-Based Thinking (our collective controlled hallucinations). It is very easy to mistake Illusory-Based Thinking as meaningful because it is contrasted with Reality. However, its relationship, put in context, will help us fully understand how and why it is meaningless. This, in turn, can be summarized as follows: Reality is all there is. Reality is the only Source. And, Reality is the only thing we can see. This means in the absence of Reality, there is nothing. In the presence of nothing, our brain makes up something based on our Ordinary or Normal Blueprint. Our mind creates an illusion. However, the illusion still has its effects, and we do not passively perceive the world. Instead, we actively generate it. This third point is crucial. The fact that something meaningless, not real, and which does not exist, can affect us, is a hard pill to swallow. However, we cannot escape it, and the reluctance to give up our illusory based belief is not without consequences. Judgment, attack thoughts, projections, and the resulting suffering stem from meaningless Illusory-Based Thinking, but all have an effect. Many of us make the shift when it no longer makes sense for us to continue to suffer, and when we experience another way that leads to a different result. This is easier said than done. Once we shift to Reality-Based Thinking, everything shifts. However, due to how deeply rooted our current modus operandum is, making such a shift is not a straightforward process. But there is a way to make it happen: Have the desire, decide, be determined, be willing, and be committed, to make the shift. Practice giving your brain a new point of reference, a new Blueprint, a new template to draw from. Practice regularly, frequently, and intensely until your new point of reference becomes more predominant than your habitual Illusory-Based Thinking Use everything you perceive in the world, in others, in yourself, and in situations, as a feedback mechanism, or feedback loop. Use it to determine if you are operating from Reality-Based Thinking or from Illusory-Based Thinking. And commit to making a shift each time it is necessary. This includes those times when you beat yourself up for not “getting there fast enough.” If this comes up for you, know that you are merely operating from Illusory-Based Thinking, and it is an instantaneous invitation for us to make the shift. For Reality-Based Thinking will, and can only bring you harmony, peace of mind, and an end to suffering. If there is any skepticism, it is a sign of which context we are operating from, and the invitation is there for us to put it to the test. Testing it and experimenting with it, allows us to see for ourselves. Then, we become a model to help ourselves, to help our loved ones, patients and clients cease suffering in their lives, so they too can be a model for those around them. References [1] “Anil Seth: How Does Your Brain Construct Your Conscious Reality?” NPR, NPR, 5 Oct. 2018. [2] Keltner, Dacher, and Paul Ekman. “The Science of ‘Inside Out’.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 3 July 2015. [3] Enviroart, et al. “Dualistic Thinking.” Enviroart by Suzanne Bélair, IAF, AFC, 25 May 2009.

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Anxiety: What to Expect

Mardoche Sidor, MD and Karen Dubin, PhD, LCSW — Wed, 07 Oct 2020 14:00:00 +0000

Anxiety can be debilitating. This can be the case for us, clinicians; for our loved ones; and for our patients and clients. This can also be the case for our colleagues, our supervisees, and our supervisors.

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Anxiety and The 3 Fundamentals: An Introduction

Mardoche Sidor, MD and Karen Dubin, PhD, LCSW — Wed, 30 Sep 2020 14:00:00 +0000

There is a Haitian Proverb that goes, “Deye Mon Gen Mon,” which translates as, “Beyond Mountains There Are Mountains.” This has several different meanings, which vary based on context. Some such meanings are similar to other sayings, including; “Appearances are deceiving,” or “Don’t Judge a book by its cover.”

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